λύω

λύω, poet. imper.

A

λῦθι Pi.Fr.85

: [tense] fut. λύσω [ῡ] Il.1.29, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἔλῡσα 18.244

, etc.: [tense] pf.

λέλῠκα Th.7.18

, Ar.V.992 (ἀπο-), etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

λέλῠμαι Il.8.103

, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ] Od.22.186, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐλύθην, [dialect] Ep. λύθην [ῠ] 8.360, E.Hel.860, Th.2.103, etc.: [tense] fut.

λῠθήσομαι Pl.Ti.41b

, Isoc.12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ] D.14.2, X. Cyr.6.2.37 (ἀπο-): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. λύμην [ῠ] Il.21.80; λύτο [ῠ] ib.114, but

λῦτο 24.1

(at beginning of line, v.l. λύτο);

λύντο 7.16

: also [ per.] 3sg. opt. [tense] pf.

λελῦτο Od.18.238

:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

λύσομαι Il.1.13

, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐλυσάμην 14.214

: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. λέλῦμαι in med. sense, D.36.45, Arist.Rh. 1400a22 (cf. δια-, κατα-λύω): [tense] fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, (δια-) Th.2.12, (ἐπι-) Lys.25.33 codd. (καταλύσεσθαι edd.), (κατα-) X.Cyr.1.6.9.—Homer uses all tenses exc. [tense] pf. [voice] Act., [tense] pres. and [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. [In [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [pron. full] ῡ always in [dialect] Att., [pron. full] ῠ mostly in [dialect] Ep., though Hom. has [pron. full] ῡ twice,

ἔλῡεν Il.23.513

, λῡει Od.7.74; also in compds.,

ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105

, ἀλλῡουσαν ib.109: in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1 [pron. full] ῡ always: in other tenses [pron. full] ῠ always, exc. in the forms λελῦτο, λῦτο (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. luo (pay), re-luo, solvo (for se-luo), solūtus, etc.):—loosen:

I of things, unbind, unfasten, esp. clothes and armour, λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα, Il.4.215, 16.804; λ. παρθενίην ζώνην loose the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, Od. 11.245; of the wife,

λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi.I.8(7).48

;

ἔνθα παρθένει' ἔλυσ' ἐγὼ κορεύματα E.Alc.177

; so

ἔλυσας . . ἅγνευμα σόν Id.Tr.501

; freq. of the tackling of ships, λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος, etc., Od.2.418, 15.496, 552, h.Ap.406, etc. (never in Il.); λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα, E.Hec.539,1020, etc.: abs., λύειν, of ships, set sail,

λῦε, κυβερνήτα APl.1.6

*.9 ([place name] Panteleus); ἀσκὸν λ. untie a skin (used as a bag), Od.10.47: freq. in Trag., λ. στολάς, πέπλον, S.OC1597, Tr.924; λ. ἡνίαν slacken the rein, Id.El.743; κλῄθρων λυθέντων when the gates have been opened, A.Th.396; λ. γράμματα, δέλτον, open a letter, E.IA38 (anap.), 307; λ. πέδας, δεσμά, A.Eu. 645 ([voice] Pass.), E.HF1123;

ἀρβύλας A.Ag.945

; ἀρτάνας . . δέρης ἔλυσαν loosed it from my neck, ib.876, cf. E.Hipp.781:—[voice] Med., ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il.14.214; but λύοντο τεύχεα they undid the armour for themselves, i.e. stripped it off (others), 17.318; later λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας unbinding her hair, Bion 1.20, etc.

b in various phrases, στόμα λ. open the mouth, E.Hipp.1060, Isoc.12.96;

γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9

D.; λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν wake up, E.Rh.8 (anap.); λ. ὀφρύν unfold the brow, Id.Hipp.290;

λ. ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων S.Aj.706

(lyr.), etc.

2 of living beings,

a of horses, etc., unyoke, unharness, opp. ζεύγνυμι, Od.4.35; ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, Il.5.369,8.504;

ὑφ' ἅρμασιν 18.244

;

ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od.4.39

:

ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il.24.576

;

ὑπ' ἀπήνης Od.7.6

(also in [voice] Med., μὴ . . ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους unyoke our horses, Il. 23.7;

βόε λῦσαι Hes.Op.608

); λύε μώνυχας ἵππους loosed them, Il.10.498; λ. κύνα let him loose, X.Cyn.6.13, etc.

b of men, release, deliver, esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il.15.22, Od.8.345, 12.53, D.24.206, etc.; ὁ λύσων he that shall deliver, A.Pr.771,785: c. gen. rei,

τὸν . . θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od.5.397

, cf. Pi.P.3.50, etc.;

λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν A.Pr.1006

;

ὄκνου S. Tr.181

;

τὼ . . ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od.8.360

, cf. Pi.O.4.23, A.Pr.873, E.Hipp.1244, Pl.R.360c; also λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος rob the house of . . , Pi.P.11.34; λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς depose him from . . , D.S.13.92:—[voice] Med., prop. get one loosed or set free,

λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes.Th.528

;

ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A.Supp.1065

(lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,

λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S.17.116

; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς has been let loose to speak, since the yoke was loosed, A.Pers.592 (lyr.).

c of prisoners, release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release, Il.1.29, 24.137,555, etc.;

λ. τινά τινι 1.20

, 24.561, Od.10.298; Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν would give them up, Il.17.163; in full,

λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106

;

χρημάτων μεγάλων Hdt.2.135

([voice] Pass.);

ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th.5.3

:—[voice] Med., release by payment of ransom, get a person released, redeem, Il.1.13, 24.118, al., Od.10.284,385, Pl.Mx.243c, D.19.229;

λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys.12.20

;

ἵππον X.An.7.8.6

;

ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D.19.169

;

λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id.50.28

; ἑαυτοὺς λ. pay their own ransom, Id.19.169; buy from a pimp, Ar.V.1353.

d λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων, = Lat. legibus solvi, D.C.53.18.

3 give up, [

θρόνον] λῦσον ἄμμιν Pi.P.4.155

.

II resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν dissolve the assembly, Il.1.305;

ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od.2.69

, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

λῦτο δ' ἀγών Il.24.1

;

μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά X.Cyr.6.1.2

; πρὶν <ἂν> . . ἡ ἀγορὰ (market)

λυθῇ Id.Oec. 12.1

;

λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb.5.15.3

.

2 of concrete objects, σπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il.2.135;

ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od.22.186

; λ. τὴν σχεδίην break it up, Hdt.4.97; [τὴν γέφυραν] X. An.2.4.17; τὴν ἀπόφραξιν ib.4.2.25.

3 esp. of physical strength, loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, Il.4.469, al.;

ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα 22.335

;

πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν γούνατ' ἔλυσεν 5.176

, etc.;

ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332

;

πέλεκυς λῦσεν . . βοὸς μένος Od.3.450

, cf. Il.17.29; but οἵ μοι καμάτῳ . . γούνατ' ἔλυσαν made my knees weak with toil, Od.20.118:—[voice] Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.;

καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85

, cf. Od.8.233;

αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il.21.114

,425;

λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296

, etc.;

λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od.4.794

, 18.189;

λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A.Pers.913

(anap.);

λύεται δέ μου μέλη E.Hec.438

;

λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id.Hipp.199

(anap.).

b λύει βλέφαρα closes her eyes in sleep, S.Ant.1302.

c metaph.,

λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X.HG7.5.22

.

4 undo, bring to naught, destroy,

πολίων κάρηνα Il.9.25

;

Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100

, Od.13.388, cf. B.Fr.16.7: generally, put an end to,

νείκεα Il.14.205

;

μελεδήματα 23.62

;

ἔριν E.Ph.81

, AP9.316.12 (Leon.);

πόλεμον Th.5.31

;

ἐπιμομφάν Pi.O.10(11).9

;

μέμψιν Democr.271

;

φόβον A.Th.270

; φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν Polystr.p.7 W., cf. Epicur.Sent.12;

μοχθήματα S.OC1616

;

ἀνάγκας E.Supp.39

; βίον, i.e. die, Id.IT692; αἰῶν' ἔλυσε, i.e. died, B.1.43;

λ. τὸ τέλος βίον S.OC1720

(lyr.); μαχας Ar. Pax991 (anap.);

νοσήματα Diocl.Fr.35

([voice] Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476;

κόπους Dsc.Eup.1.220

; forgive,

ἁμαρτήματα LXXJb.42.9

.

b in Prose, λ. νόμους repeal or annul laws, Hdt.3.82, D.3.10, Arist.Pol.1269a15; οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ib.1298b31;

λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197

([voice] Pass.), etc.;

ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X.An.3.1.21

; rescind a vote,

ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D.24.2

; revoke a will,

διαθήκην Is.6.33

, etc. (but in [voice] Pass., to be opened, of a will, POxy.715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); unbind a spell, Iamb.Myst.3.27:—[voice] Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, all is in confusion, D.25.25.

c as a technical term, solve a difficulty, a problem, a question,

λύεται ἡ ἀπορία Pl.Prt.324e

, al.;

λ. ζήτημα Gal.6.436

.

d refute an argument, Pl.Grg.509a, Arist.Rh.1402b24,al.; cf.

λύσις 11.4b

,

λυτικός 11

.

e unravel the plot of a tragedy, opp. πλέκειν, Id.Po.1456a10.

f λ. τὴν φάσιν, of the Moon, pass out of, Vett. Val.134.1, cf. 2.

5 break a legal agreement or obligation,

τὸν νόμον Hdt.6.106

;

τὰς σπονδάς Th.1.23

, 78, cf. 4.23, al.;

τὰ συγκείμενα Lys.6.41

; σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση whoso breaks this agreement, Inscr.Cypr.135.29 H.

6 in physical sense, dissolve, λύθεν, opp. πάγεν, Emp.15.4; τὸ θερμὸν λύει, opp. πήγνυσι, Arist.Mete.384b11, cf. 382b33 ([voice] Pass.);

ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106

; melt,

παγείσας χιόνας Hdn.8.4.2

;

τι πυρὶ λ. Hippiatr.52

.

7 of medicines,

λ. τὴν κοιλίαν Arist.Pr.863b29

, cf. Hp.Acut.(Sp.)38, Diocl.Fr.140; so of the effects of terror, Arist.Pr.877a32 ([voice] Pass.).

8 resolve ¯ into [pron. full] ?λύωX?λύωX, in [voice] Pass., Heph.8, 10, Aristid. Quint.1.28.

III solve, fulfil, accomplish,

τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ μαντεῖα S.OT407

;

ὅρκον Plb.6.58.4

.

IV atone for, make up for,

τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.Ra.

691;

λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον S.Ph.1224

;

λ. φόνον φόνῳ Id.OT101

, E. Or.511;

αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph.32.5

:—[voice] Med.,

τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα . . δίκαις A.Ch.804

(lyr.).

V μισθὸν λύειν pay wages in full, quit oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X.Ages.2.31.

2 τέλη λύειν, = λυσιτελεῖν, pay, profit. avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, S.OT 316: but more freq. λύει without τέλη, construed like λυσιτελεῖ, abs.,

λύει δ' ἄλγος E.Med.1362

, cf. PSI4.400.16: c. dat. pers.,

φημὶ τοιούτους γάμους λύειν βροτοῖσιν E.Alc.628

, cf.Hipp.441: c. inf., πῶς οὖν λύει . . ἐπιβάλλειν; Id.Med.1112 (anap.); ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι it is good for me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib.566;

λύει ἀπελθεῖν UPZ77i12

(ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ, . . θανεῖν it is not expedient that we should die (οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ being parenthetic), S.El. 1005;

οὐ γάρ με λύει . . κακορροθεῖσθαι E.Sthen.Prol.35

; cf. λυσιτελέω.